The concept of Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) has gained serious traction in recent years, emerging as a critical element of software security frameworks. SBOM refers to a comprehensive inventory of all the components and dependencies, or the software supply chain, that make up a software application.
The influence of SBOM on modern software and application security programs is so compelling that government organizations like the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency have dedicated entire web properties to the concept. This focus is also apparent in recent government legislation and presidential executive orders targeting “secure by design” software and other facets of cybersecurity.
The growing importance of SBOM lies in its capacity to enhance software security by enabling organizations to identify and address potential vulnerabilities and risks, especially with open-source or third-party libraries. By gaining a clear understanding of the software's composition, developers and security teams can effectively manage and mitigate security threats. SBOM allows for better vulnerability management, as it enables organizations to track and monitor the security of each component throughout the software development lifecycle (SDLC).
What Is SBOM?
Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) is a comprehensive inventory that lists all the components and dependencies of a software application. It provides a detailed breakdown of the software's building blocks, including open-source libraries, frameworks and third-party modules used in its development. By documenting these components, SBOM helps organizations to understand the software's composition and potential vulnerabilities.
This proactive approach supports the prompt identification and mitigation of vulnerabilities, thereby reducing the risk of security breaches and ensuring the software's overall integrity. As software supply chains become more complex, SBOM plays a crucial role in ensuring transparency, accountability and trust in software development and deployment processes.
Exploring the Fundamentals of SBOM
The components of a SBOM typically include information such as the component's name, version and origin. It also includes details about any known security vulnerabilities associated with each component. This is critical information for enabling software developers and security teams to accurately assess potential risks and take appropriate measures to mitigate them. An SBOM may also include licensing information, which helps organizations ensure compliance with open-source licenses and avoid legal issues.
SBOM has a critical role to play in software security. First, it enables organizations to proactively identify and address vulnerabilities in their software applications. By having a clear understanding of the software's components, developers can quickly assess if any known vulnerabilities exist and take necessary actions, such as applying patches or updates. This helps to reduce the risk of security breaches and ensure that software is built on a solid foundation.
Furthermore, SBOM also plays a crucial role in supply chain security. Software developers must carefully consider how updates and modifications may affect the software's functionality and stability, including any changes to essential third-party components. SBOM allows organizations to trace the origin of each component and assess the security practices followed by suppliers. This transparency helps in making informed decisions about the trustworthiness of the components and selecting reliable vendors.
Another benefit of SBOM is that it assists in vulnerability management and incident response by providing a comprehensive view of the software's ecosystem, making it easier to identify and address specific security issues promptly. Overall, SBOM enhances software security by promoting transparency, enabling risk assessment and facilitating effective vulnerability management.
The proactive evaluation of software changes is essential for ensuring reliability and security. By continuously assessing and adapting to evolving components, developers can reduce risks, enhance performance and deliver high-quality solutions.
Best Practices for SBOM Security
Given the reach and complexity of SBOM in the development cycle, there are a variety of SBOM best practices to consider when starting a program. Many of these best practices focus on the people and processes supporting the program.
One effective strategic approach for integrating SBOM within development cycles is to establish a dedicated team responsible for following SBOM best practices . This team, sometimes referred to as a “security champions team,” can consist of individuals with expertise in software development, security and compliance. By putting a security-focused team like this in place, organizations can ensure that SBOM is given the necessary attention and resources throughout the development process.
Another approach is to incorporate SBOM best practices into the organization's SDLC . This can be achieved by integrating SBOM generation and management tasks into existing development tools and processes. For example, organizations can leverage automated tools capable of generating SBOMs based on the software components used in the development process. By making SBOM generation a part of the SDLC, organizations can ensure that it becomes standard practice and is not overlooked.
Organizations can also enhance security and compliance by fostering collaboration between development teams and security/compliance teams. This can be achieved through regular meetings, workshops and training sessions, where developers can gain a better understanding of security and compliance requirements. By involving developers early in the process, they can proactively address and incorporate security and compliance issues during the development cycle. This collaboration can also help to identify potential vulnerabilities or noncompliant components early on, reducing the risk of security breaches or noncompliance with relevant industry or legal regulations.
Transparency and Implementation
There are clear benefits related to the implementation of SBOM in software development. SBOM has a direct and tangible impact on the transparency and security of an application development program and its software supply chains.
However, it’s important to emphasize that simply having an SBOM in place doesn’t make an application secure. Having an SBOM in place empowers organizations to make informed decisions about application security. Organizations need to be proactive in implementing necessary security measures to mitigate any potential threats and safeguard their applications from security breaches.
SBOM in the Context of Recent Cybersecurity Executive Orders
Recent legislative measures and executive orders have had a major impact on the requirements and implementation strategies for SBOM. These have been introduced to address the growing concerns around cybersecurity and the need for greater transparency in the software supply chain.
One of the primary ways in which these legislative measures and executive orders have influenced the requirements for SBOM is by mandating its use in certain sectors. For example, in the U.S., the Cybersecurity Executive Order issued in May 2021 requires federal agencies to produce and maintain SBOMs for all software they develop, procure or use. This requirement ensures that there is a clear understanding of software components and dependencies, making it easier to identify and address vulnerabilities or potential risks. It also includes the use of third-party software, extending its application to the many vendors doing business with the U.S. federal government.
In addition to mandating the use of SBOMs, these legislative measures and executive orders have also had an influence on implementation strategies. They have prompted organizations to adopt standardized formats and practices for creating and sharing SBOMs. This standardization ensures consistency and interoperability across different software products and suppliers, making it easier to analyze and compare SBOMs from various sources. These measures have also encouraged collaboration among software developers, suppliers and users to improve the accuracy and cohesiveness of SBOMs, ultimately enhancing the overall security and resilience of software systems.
Should Your Organization Adopt SBOM Practices?
Take a moment to evaluate your existing software security strategies and explore the potential benefits of incorporating SBOM best practices. By embracing this approach, you can gain valuable insights into the components and dependencies of your software, enabling you to make better-informed decisions about security measures.
Some organizations may choose to adopt SBOM but do so by leveraging an experienced and fully resourced service provider. This can be particularly advantageous for organizations that lack experienced staff or are generally under-resourced. Engaging a service provider with a strong track record of helping clients implement SBOM practices can also streamline your organization’s approach to both internal security practices and client requirements.
The Application Security “AppSec” services team at Kroll is well-versed in SBOM best practices and can guide your team through the process, ensuring that your software is fortified against potential vulnerabilities. Our extensive appsec expertise allows us to thoroughly analyze your applications, identify potential vulnerabilities and implement robust security measures.
To learn more about our comprehensive application security solutions, we invite you to visit our dedicated AppSec page. This resource provides detailed information about our services, methodologies and success stories, providing an in-depth understanding of how our application security capabilities can benefit your organization and ensure the security of your software. Don't miss out on the opportunity to strengthen your software security strategy—visit our appsec page today.
